Discovery of penicillin

A culture dish of the kind that should, on balance, not have been washed up.

In 1928 Alexander Fleming came back from holiday to find his lab had been working harder than he had.

Magna Carta

A memorial at Runnymede, the meadow beside the Thames where Magna Carta was agreed. The meadow is still a meadow.

Magna Carta was agreed in 1215 and had to wait over five hundred years for anyone to number its clauses.

Terracotta Army

Terracotta soldiers standing in rows in their excavation pit near Xi’an.

The Terracotta Army was found by farmers digging a well, who were looking for water and found an army.

Penny Black

A brass letter scale and a sealed letter in a museum display.

The Penny Black cost one penny and was black, and was named, after considerable thought, the Penny Black.

Silk Road

The remains of a caravanserai on the Silk Road, with a camel waiting for the next caravan.

The Silk Road was not a single road and did not only carry silk, but the name was too good to waste.

Metric system

A set of metric weights, each one exactly as heavy as it says it is.

The metric system divides everything neatly into tens, except the decades it took to agree on it.